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A WAS oil seal is a radial shaft seal designed for the dynamic sealing of rotating machine components. The profile can be used for applications including shafts, hubs and shaft assemblies. Its sealing performance is independent of the direction of shaft rotation. This allows the WAS to be used with shafts rotating clockwise, counterclockwise or alternately in both directions.
The main sealing lip is pressed against the shaft surface by a garter spring. This design supports reliable dynamic sealing during rotation. When the machine is stationary, the contact between the sealing lip and the shaft surface provides effective static sealing. In addition to the main sealing lip, the WAS profile features an additional dust lip. This helps limit the ingress of moderate amounts of dust and dirt from the outside.
The outer surface of the WAS radial shaft seal is fully rubber-covered. This outer surface provides a secure fit and effective static sealing in the housing bore. The profile has a standard design according to DIN 3760 and is available with an NBR or FKM sealing material.
The WAS radial shaft seal consists of a main sealing lip with a garter spring, an additional dust lip, a metal reinforcing plate and a fully rubber-covered outer surface. The sealing element is manufactured from NBR or FKM. The reinforcing plate is made from unalloyed steel according to DIN EN 10139, formerly DIN 1624. The garter spring is made from spring steel according to DIN EN 10270-1.
The spring-loaded main sealing lip provides dynamic sealing around the rotating shaft. The additional dust lip is positioned on the outside and helps limit the ingress of dust and dirt. The rubber-covered outer surface supports a secure fit and static sealing of the WAS in the housing bore.
During rotation, the spring-loaded main sealing lip of the WAS oil seal remains in contact with the shaft surface. This creates a dynamic seal between the rotating shaft and the stationary housing. Its performance is independent of the direction of rotation. The WAS can therefore be used with different directions of rotation, provided that the other technical requirements are met.
When the shaft is stationary, the main sealing lip continues to provide effective static sealing. At the same time, the dust lip helps prevent dust and dirt from entering from the outside. The rubber-covered outer surface provides static sealing between the oil seal and the housing bore.
The WAS oil seal is designed for sealing rotating machine components such as shafts, hubs and shaft assemblies. The profile offers a broad range of applications and is suitable for moderately demanding applications in general industry. The spring-loaded main sealing lip provides dynamic sealing around the shaft, while the additional dust lip helps limit the ingress of dust and dirt from the outside.
The dust lip is suitable for conditions with a moderate to medium accumulation of dust and dirt. This allows the WAS profile to provide greater protection against external contamination than a comparable design without a dust lip. The fully rubber-covered outer surface can compensate for differences in thermal expansion, for example in light-metal housings. It also supports effective sealing in housings with a higher surface roughness and in split housings.
The WAS profile also provides effective static sealing with low-viscosity and gaseous media. Other advantages include a long service life, reliable design and a good price-performance ratio. Final suitability depends on the medium, material, temperature, circumferential speed and design of the installation space.
The main difference between the WAS and a standard WA oil seal is the additional dust lip. This lip is positioned on the outside of the spring-loaded main sealing lip and helps prevent dust and dirt from reaching the sealing area from the outside. The dust lip is suitable for moderate to medium accumulation of these contaminants.
The dust lip provides an additional function and does not replace the main sealing lip. The spring-loaded main sealing lip provides dynamic and static sealing around the shaft. When selecting the seal, consider the amount of dust and dirt present in the operating environment. The WAS is specifically designed to provide protection against moderate to medium external contamination.
The main sealing lip of the WAS oil seal is pressed against the shaft surface by a garter spring. This provides reliable dynamic sealing during rotation. Its performance is independent of the direction of shaft rotation. When the shaft is stationary, the main sealing lip continues to provide effective static sealing.
In addition to the main sealing lip, the WAS features an additional dust lip to protect against moderate to medium amounts of dust and dirt from the outside. The combination of these two lips makes the profile suitable for rotating applications where both the medium must be sealed and protection against external contamination is required.
The fully rubber-covered outer surface of the WAS radial shaft seal provides a secure fit in the housing bore. At the same time, this outer surface supports static sealing between the oil seal and the housing. This is particularly relevant with low-viscosity and gaseous media, where effective static sealing along the outside of the seal is required.
The rubber covering can compensate for differences in thermal expansion, for example when a light-metal housing is used. The outer surface also provides effective sealing in housings with a higher surface roughness and in split housings. For a correct fit, the specified surface roughness and housing tolerances must be observed.
The WAS oil seal is available with an NBR or FKM sealing material. Both materials have their own temperature ranges and media resistance. The correct material selection depends on the medium to be sealed, the temperature and the environmental conditions. For both material versions of the WAS profile, the maximum circumferential speed is 8 m/s.
NBR can be used at temperatures from -40 to +80 °C and can withstand short-term exposure to temperatures of up to +100 °C. The material offers good chemical resistance to various mineral oils, greases and hydraulic fluids. It can also be used with water up to a maximum temperature of +60 °C.
FKM has a temperature range of -25 to +150 °C. The material offers good resistance to mineral and synthetic oils and greases, engine oil, transmission oil, ATF, fuels and various hydrocarbons. When choosing between NBR and FKM, all operating conditions must be evaluated together. The maximum values for pressure, temperature and circumferential speed cannot necessarily be reached simultaneously.
A WAS oil seal made from NBR is suitable for a temperature range of -40 to +80 °C. For short periods, the material can withstand temperatures of up to +100 °C. NBR offers good chemical resistance to various mineral oils and greases, including hydraulic fluids of types H, HL and HLP.
NBR can also be used with fire-resistant hydraulic fluids of types HFA and HFB. For HFC fluids, a maximum temperature of approximately +50 °C applies. When in contact with water, the maximum temperature is +60 °C. NBR has limited resistance to ozone, weathering and ageing. This should be taken into account when the oil seal is exposed to environmental conditions.
A WAS oil seal made from FKM has a temperature range of -25 to +150 °C. FKM offers good chemical resistance to mineral oils and greases, synthetic oils and greases, engine oil, transmission oil and ATF. These oils can be used at temperatures of up to approximately +150 °C.
The material is also resistant to fuels, fire-resistant HFD pressure fluids and aliphatic, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons. When used with water, a maximum temperature of +60 °C applies. FKM offers very good resistance to ozone, weathering and ageing. This makes the material suitable when higher temperatures or greater environmental resistance are required than NBR can provide.
For reliable operation of the WAS radial shaft seal, the maximum pressure, temperature and circumferential speed must be observed. The maximum permissible pressure is 0.05 MPa. The maximum circumferential speed is 8 m/s. This speed limit applies to both the NBR and FKM versions. Different permissible temperature ranges apply depending on the sealing material.
A WAS oil seal made from NBR has a temperature range of -40 to +80 °C. For short periods, NBR can withstand temperatures of up to +100 °C. An FKM version has a temperature range of -25 to +150 °C.
The specified pressure, temperature and circumferential speed are maximum values and cannot necessarily all be reached simultaneously. The medium, material resistance, installation space and condition of the shaft and housing also affect suitability. The complete combination of operating conditions should therefore always be evaluated. The suitability of the selected WAS oil seal must be verified and tested within the final application. This determines whether the dimensions, material, dust lip and technical design are appropriate for the operating environment.
The WAS radial shaft seal can be used at a maximum pressure of 0.05 MPa. The maximum permissible circumferential speed is 8 m/s. These limits apply to the WAS profile in addition to the material-dependent temperature ranges of NBR and FKM.
The maximum pressure, circumferential speed and temperature must not automatically be combined. A higher load in one area can affect the permissible load within the other operating limits. The medium used and the amount of dust or dirt on the outside also play a role. The complete application should therefore be evaluated and the selected WAS oil seal tested to verify that it functions correctly under the actual operating conditions.
The available approvals and certificates depend on the selected material and the specific compound from which the WAS oil seal is manufactured. The same certification therefore does not automatically apply to every NBR or FKM version. If a specific approval or conformity is required for an application, this must be verified separately for the selected compound.
Consult the applicable material data sheet for the relevant compound. This specifies which current approvals and certificates apply to the material. The general material designation NBR or FKM alone is not sufficient to determine whether an oil seal meets a specific certification requirement. Always verify this before selecting or ordering the seal.
The installation space for the WAS oil seal must be designed in accordance with DIN 3760. Correct dimensions and surface quality of the shaft and housing bore are important for proper fit and sealing performance. Shaft roundness must comply with tolerance class IT8. The shaft must be free from twist marks, burrs and other damage that could affect the main sealing lip or dust lip during installation or operation.
The shaft surface must have a surface roughness of Rz 1.0 to 4.0 µm. The minimum hardness of the shaft surface is 45 HRC. The shaft tolerance zone must comply with ISO h11. For the housing, a surface roughness of Rz 10 to 20 µm applies. The tolerance zone of the housing bore must comply with ISO H8.
These technical requirements support the correct operation of the spring-loaded sealing lip, dust lip and rubber-covered outer surface. Incorrect fit, a damaged shaft surface or unsuitable surface roughness can affect sealing performance. The complete installation environment should therefore be inspected and cleaned before installing the WAS radial shaft seal.
The shaft on which the WAS oil seal is installed must comply with tolerance zone ISO h11. Shaft roundness must meet tolerance class IT8. The shaft surface must have a roughness of Rz 1.0 to 4.0 µm and a minimum hardness of 45 HRC. Twist marks, burrs and damage to the shaft surface are not permitted.
The housing bore must comply with tolerance zone ISO H8. The surface roughness of the housing must be between Rz 10 and 20 µm. The complete installation space must be designed in accordance with DIN 3760. Following these dimensional, hardness and surface requirements supports a secure fit and reliable operation of the main sealing lip, dust lip and rubber-covered outer surface.
Clean the installation space thoroughly before installing the WAS oil seal. Completely remove dust, dirt, metal chips and other contaminants. Do not pull the seal over sharp edges, threaded ends or recesses such as keyways during installation. If these areas cannot be avoided, they should be covered with a suitable installation sleeve during assembly.
Do not grease the WAS oil seal or the installation space before assembly. Position the seal carefully and squarely on the shaft. The oil seal must not become tilted during installation. Before installation, also check that the main sealing lip and dust lip are undamaged and that the shaft and housing meet the specified requirements.
Store WAS oil seals at a temperature below +25 °C. Do not expose the seals to direct sunlight or direct sources of heat. Prevent condensation in the storage area and protect the oil seals against ozone and ionising radiation. These storage conditions are in accordance with the recommendations of ISO 2230. A suitable storage environment helps prevent unnecessary deterioration of the elastomer before installation.
Before installation, clean the shaft, housing bore and complete installation space. Remove dirt, dust and metal chips that could damage the main sealing lip, dust lip or shaft surface. Do not pull the WAS oil seal over sharp edges, threads or recesses such as keyways. Where necessary, use an installation sleeve to temporarily cover these areas.
Do not grease the oil seal or installation space before assembly. Then position the WAS carefully and squarely on the shaft. Prevent the seal from becoming tilted during installation. Verify beforehand that the shaft and housing meet the specified tolerances, hardness and surface requirements so that all sealing components can function correctly.
Store WAS oil seals at a temperature below +25 °C. Do not place the seals in direct sunlight and keep them away from direct sources of heat. The storage area should be dry and free from condensation. The oil seals should also be protected against exposure to ozone and ionising radiation.
These conditions help prevent the sealing material from being unnecessarily affected by heat, light, moisture or radiation during storage. A suitable storage environment helps preserve the properties of the elastomer until the oil seal is installed. The storage conditions for the WAS profile are based on the recommendations for storing elastomer products specified in ISO 2230.
When selecting a WAS oil seal, the dimensions, sealing material and operating conditions should be evaluated together. First determine the required inside diameter, outside diameter and width for the shaft and housing bore. Also consider whether protection against a moderate to medium amount of dust and dirt from the outside is required.
Then determine whether NBR or FKM is best suited to the medium, temperature and environmental conditions. NBR has a temperature range starting at -40 °C and offers good resistance to various mineral oils, greases and hydraulic fluids. FKM can be used at temperatures of up to +150 °C and offers good resistance to mineral and synthetic oils, fuels and various hydrocarbons.
Also verify that the maximum pressure of 0.05 MPa and maximum circumferential speed of 8 m/s are not exceeded. The tolerances, surface roughness and hardness of the shaft and housing must meet the technical requirements. If a specific approval or certification is required, this must be verified separately for the selected compound.
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