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A WAO oil seal is a radial shaft seal designed for the dynamic sealing of rotating machine components. The profile features a sealing lip without a garter spring and does not have an additional dust lip. Its sealing performance during rotation is independent of the direction of shaft rotation. This allows the WAO to be used with shafts rotating clockwise, counterclockwise or alternately in both directions.
The profile is used, among other applications, for sealing grease. The WAO is also suitable as a secondary seal against dust, dirt and splash water, for example in electric motors. Because the sealing lip does not have a garter spring, it provides only limited static sealing when the shaft is stationary. This characteristic must be taken into account when selecting the seal.
The outer surface of the WAO radial shaft seal is fully rubber-covered. This outer surface provides a secure fit and effective static sealing in the housing bore. The WAO is available with an NBR or FKM sealing material. The selected material must be suitable for the temperature, medium and environmental conditions of the application.
The WAO radial shaft seal consists of an NBR or FKM sealing element, a metal reinforcing plate and a fully rubber-covered outer surface. The reinforcing plate is made from unalloyed steel according to DIN EN 10139, formerly DIN 1624. The metal plate supports the shape and stability of the seal in the housing bore.
The sealing lip of the WAO profile does not have a garter spring. A separate dust lip is also not present. This simple design distinguishes the WAO from spring-loaded radial shaft seals. The rubber-covered outer surface provides the fit and static sealing in the housing, while the non-spring-loaded sealing lip provides dynamic sealing around the rotating shaft.
The sealing lip of the WAO oil seal contacts the shaft surface without the support of a garter spring. During rotation, this creates a dynamic seal between the rotating shaft and the stationary housing. Its operation is independent of the direction of shaft rotation. The WAO can therefore be used with different directions of rotation.
When stationary, the contact between the non-spring-loaded sealing lip and the shaft surface provides only limited static sealing. The rubber-covered outer surface does, however, provide a secure fit and static sealing in the housing bore. The profile is therefore particularly suitable for applications where grease, dust, dirt or splash water must be sealed without pressure.
The WAO oil seal is suitable for sealing grease in rotating machine components. The profile can also be used as a secondary seal to protect an application against dust, dirt or splash water. One example is the protection of electric motors. The non-spring-loaded sealing lip provides dynamic sealing and operates independently of the direction of shaft rotation.
The absence of a garter spring results in a low-friction design. This makes the WAO suitable for applications where a low-friction seal is required and no pressure load is present. The rubber-covered outer surface can compensate for differences in thermal expansion, for example in light-metal housings. It also supports sealing in housings with a higher surface roughness and in split housings.
Other advantages include a long service life, a broad range of applications and a good price-performance ratio. The WAO is designed for moderately demanding applications in general industry. When selecting the seal, take into account the limited static sealing between the non-spring-loaded sealing lip and the shaft when stationary.
The WAO oil seal can be used for sealing grease around a rotating shaft. During rotation, the non-spring-loaded sealing lip contacts the shaft surface and provides dynamic sealing. Because there is no garter spring, the profile has low friction. The maximum permissible circumferential speed is 6 m/s.
The WAO must not be used under pressure. The profile is therefore primarily intended for grease sealing applications where there is no pressure differential across the sealing lip. When the shaft is stationary, the sealing lip provides only limited static sealing. It should therefore be determined in advance whether these characteristics are suitable for the operating conditions and stationary periods of the application.
In addition to sealing grease, the WAO can be used as a secondary seal against dust, dirt or splash water. Such a seal forms an additional barrier that helps prevent contaminants from reaching a sensitive part of the application. The WAO can, for example, be used for this purpose in electric motors.
The profile does not have a separate dust lip, but uses the non-spring-loaded main sealing lip as a simple protective seal. The WAO is therefore intended for secondary sealing functions and not for applications involving pressure. When selecting the seal, consider which contaminants are present, how the shaft moves and whether the limited static sealing when stationary is sufficient for the intended application.
The fully rubber-covered outer surface of the WAO radial shaft seal provides a secure fit in the housing bore. At the same time, this outer surface supports static sealing between the oil seal and the housing. This allows effective static sealing along the outside, including with low-viscosity or gaseous media.
The rubber covering can compensate for differences in thermal expansion, for example when a light-metal housing is used. The outer surface can also provide effective sealing with a higher housing surface roughness and in split housings. For a correct fit, the specified surface roughness and housing tolerances must be observed.
The WAO oil seal is available with an NBR or FKM sealing material. Both materials have their own temperature ranges and media resistance. The correct material selection depends on the medium to be sealed, the temperature and the environmental conditions. For both material versions of the WAO profile, the maximum circumferential speed is 6 m/s.
NBR can be used at temperatures from -40 to +80 °C and can withstand short-term exposure to temperatures of up to +100 °C. The material offers good chemical resistance to various mineral oils, greases and hydraulic fluids. It can also be used with water up to a maximum temperature of +60 °C.
FKM has a temperature range of -25 to +150 °C. The material offers good resistance to mineral and synthetic oils and greases, engine oil, transmission oil, ATF, fuels and various hydrocarbons. When choosing between NBR and FKM, all operating conditions must be evaluated together. The maximum temperature and circumferential speed cannot necessarily be reached simultaneously.
A WAO oil seal made from NBR is suitable for a temperature range of -40 to +80 °C. For short periods, the material can withstand temperatures of up to +100 °C. NBR offers good chemical resistance to various mineral oils and greases, including hydraulic fluids of types H, HL and HLP.
NBR can also be used with fire-resistant hydraulic fluids of types HFA and HFB. For HFC fluids, a maximum temperature of approximately +50 °C applies. When in contact with water, the maximum temperature is +60 °C. NBR has limited resistance to ozone, weathering and ageing. This should be taken into account when the seal is exposed to environmental conditions.
A WAO oil seal made from FKM has a temperature range of -25 to +150 °C. FKM offers good chemical resistance to mineral oils and greases, synthetic oils and greases, engine oil, transmission oil and ATF. These oils can be used at temperatures of up to approximately +150 °C.
The material is also resistant to fuels, fire-resistant HFD pressure fluids and aliphatic, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons. When used with water, a maximum temperature of +60 °C applies. FKM offers very good resistance to ozone, weathering and ageing. This makes the material suitable when higher temperatures or greater environmental resistance are required than NBR can provide.
For reliable operation of the WAO radial shaft seal, the maximum temperature and circumferential speed must be observed. The profile is not suitable for applications involving pressure. The maximum permissible pressure is 0 MPa. The maximum circumferential speed is 6 m/s. This speed limit applies to both the NBR and FKM versions.
A WAO oil seal made from NBR has a temperature range of -40 to +80 °C. For short periods, NBR can withstand temperatures of up to +100 °C. An FKM version has a temperature range of -25 to +150 °C.
The specified temperature and circumferential speed are maximum values and cannot necessarily be reached simultaneously. The medium, material resistance, installation space and condition of the shaft and housing also affect suitability. The complete combination of operating conditions should therefore always be evaluated. The suitability of the selected WAO oil seal must be verified and tested within the final application. This determines whether the dimensions, material and non-spring-loaded design are appropriate for the operating environment.
The maximum permissible pressure for the WAO radial shaft seal is 0 MPa. The profile may therefore only be used in applications where there is no pressure differential across the sealing lip. For both material versions, the maximum circumferential speed is 6 m/s.
The WAO is primarily intended for sealing grease and for secondary sealing functions against dust, dirt or splash water. The non-spring-loaded sealing lip provides only limited static sealing when stationary. Therefore, in addition to speed and temperature, the pressure conditions and required sealing performance when the shaft is stationary must also be considered. Test the selected version under the actual operating conditions of the application.
The available approvals and certificates depend on the selected material and the specific compound from which the WAO oil seal is manufactured. The same certification therefore does not automatically apply to every NBR or FKM version. If a specific approval or conformity is required for an application, this must be verified separately for the selected compound.
Consult the applicable material data sheet for the relevant compound. This specifies which current approvals and certificates apply to the material. The general material designation NBR or FKM alone is not sufficient to determine whether an oil seal meets a specific certification requirement. Always verify this before selecting or ordering the seal.
The installation space for the WAO oil seal must be designed in accordance with DIN 3760. Correct dimensions and surface quality of the shaft and housing bore are important for proper fit and sealing performance. Shaft roundness must comply with tolerance class IT8. The shaft must be free from twist marks, burrs and other damage that could affect the non-spring-loaded sealing lip during installation or operation.
The shaft surface must have a surface roughness of Rz 1.0 to 4.0 µm. The minimum hardness of the shaft surface is 45 HRC. The shaft tolerance zone must comply with ISO h11. For the housing, a surface roughness of Rz 10 to 20 µm applies. The tolerance zone of the housing bore must comply with ISO H8.
These technical requirements support the correct operation of the sealing lip and rubber-covered outer surface. Incorrect fit, a damaged shaft surface or unsuitable surface roughness can affect sealing performance. The complete installation environment should therefore be inspected and cleaned before installing the WAO radial shaft seal.
The shaft on which the WAO oil seal is installed must comply with tolerance zone ISO h11. Shaft roundness must meet tolerance class IT8. The shaft surface must have a roughness of Rz 1.0 to 4.0 µm and a minimum hardness of 45 HRC. Twist marks, burrs and damage to the shaft surface are not permitted.
The housing bore must comply with tolerance zone ISO H8. The surface roughness of the housing must be between Rz 10 and 20 µm. The complete installation space must be designed in accordance with DIN 3760. Following these dimensional, hardness and surface requirements supports a secure fit and reliable operation of the non-spring-loaded sealing lip and rubber-covered outer surface.
Clean the installation space thoroughly before installing the WAO oil seal. Completely remove dust, dirt, metal chips and other contaminants. Do not pull the seal over sharp edges, threaded ends or recesses such as keyways during installation. If these areas cannot be avoided, they should be covered with a suitable installation sleeve during assembly.
Do not grease the WAO oil seal or the installation space before assembly. Position the seal carefully and squarely on the shaft. The oil seal must not become tilted during installation. Before installation, also verify that the shaft and housing bore meet the specified tolerances and surface requirements.
Store WAO oil seals at a temperature below +25 °C. Do not expose the seals to direct sunlight or direct sources of heat. Prevent condensation in the storage area and protect the oil seals against ozone and ionising radiation. These storage conditions are in accordance with the recommendations of ISO 2230. A clean, dry and suitable storage environment helps prevent unnecessary deterioration of the elastomer before installation.
Before installation, clean the shaft, housing bore and complete installation space. Remove dirt, dust and metal chips that could damage the sealing lip or shaft surface. Do not pull the WAO oil seal over sharp edges, threads or recesses such as keyways. Where necessary, use an installation sleeve to temporarily cover these areas.
Do not grease the oil seal or installation space before assembly. Then position the WAO carefully and squarely on the shaft. Prevent the seal from becoming tilted during installation. Verify beforehand that the shaft and housing meet the specified tolerances, hardness and surface requirements so that the sealing lip and rubber-covered outer surface can function correctly.
Store WAO oil seals at a temperature below +25 °C. Do not place the seals in direct sunlight and keep them away from direct sources of heat. The storage area should be dry and free from condensation. The oil seals should also be protected against exposure to ozone and ionising radiation.
These conditions help prevent the sealing material from being unnecessarily affected by heat, light, moisture or radiation during storage. A suitable storage environment helps preserve the properties of the elastomer until the oil seal is installed. The storage conditions for the WAO profile are based on the recommendations for storing elastomer products specified in ISO 2230.
When selecting a WAO oil seal, the dimensions, sealing material and operating conditions should be evaluated together. First determine the required inside diameter, outside diameter and width for the shaft and housing bore. Then determine whether NBR or FKM is best suited to the medium, temperature and environmental conditions.
NBR has a temperature range starting at -40 °C and offers good resistance to various mineral oils, greases and hydraulic fluids. FKM can be used at temperatures of up to +150 °C and offers good resistance to mineral and synthetic oils, fuels and various hydrocarbons. The specified limitations for both materials must be taken into account.
Also verify that the application is completely pressure-free and that the maximum circumferential speed of 6 m/s is not exceeded. Take into account the non-spring-loaded sealing lip, the design without a dust lip and the limited static sealing between the sealing lip and a stationary shaft. If a specific approval or certification is required, this must be verified separately for the selected compound.
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